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-- subagents/luatool.lua: the restricted environment, the instruction budget,
-- and one real fan-out through the fake host.
--
-- The sandbox cases check the environment the guest actually gets rather than
-- only the errors an escape attempt produces, because a missing global is the
-- whole mechanism. One documented gap is asserted as a gap: the real string
-- metatable is reachable from any literal, so `("").dump` exists. Without
-- `load` there is no way to run bytecode, so it stays noise rather than an
-- escape — the assertion is here so a future change to that reasoning is
-- deliberate.
local fake = require("spec.fake_ext")
local luatool = require("subagents.luatool")
local progress = require("subagents.progress")
local function has(text, needle)
assert(type(text) == "string", "expected a string, got " .. type(text))
assert(text:find(needle, 1, true), "expected to find " .. needle .. " in:\n" .. tostring(text))
end
local function profile_set()
local set = { list = {}, by_name = {}, warnings = {} }
for _, name in ipairs({ "alpha", "beta" }) do
local profile = { name = name, description = name, body = "You are " .. name .. ".\n" }
set.list[#set.list + 1] = profile
set.by_name[name] = profile
end
return set
end
local function with_host(fn)
local handle = fake.install()
local ok, err = pcall(fn, handle, profile_set())
handle.restore()
if not ok then
error(err, 0)
end
end
return {
{ "the guest environment has no filesystem, process, or module access", function()
local env = luatool.build_env()
for _, name in ipairs({
"os", "io", "debug", "package", "require", "load", "loadstring", "dofile",
"loadfile", "coroutine", "setmetatable", "getmetatable", "rawset", "rawget",
"collectgarbage", "arg", "pcall", "xpcall",
}) do
assert(env[name] == nil, "the guest can reach " .. name)
end
assert(env._G == env, "_G must point at the restricted table")
assert(type(env.subagents.workflow) == "function", "the workflow constructor is the whole API")
assert(env.string.dump == nil, "string.dump is removed from the guest copy")
assert(env.string ~= string, "the guest gets a copy it may safely mutate")
assert(env.print() == nil, "print is a no-op")
end },
{ "the string metatable stays reachable, and stays harmless", function()
local env = luatool.build_env()
-- Documented gap: ("").dump resolves through the real string metatable.
assert(type(("").dump) == "function", "the gap this note describes has moved")
assert(env.load == nil and env.loadstring == nil,
"bytecode is only dangerous with a loader, and there is none")
end },
{ "an escape attempt inside the guest fails at the call", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
local source = [[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
return { status = "completed", output = require("os").time() }
end)
]]
local text = luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = source }, profiles)
has(text, "Error:")
has(text, "nil value")
assert(#handle.spawns == 0, "the guest started no children")
end)
end },
{ "source that does not return a workflow is refused", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
has(luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = "return 42" }, profiles),
"Error: source must return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input) ... end)")
has(luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = "return (" }, profiles),
"Error: source did not compile")
has(luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = "error('nope')" }, profiles),
"Error: source failed to run")
end)
end },
{ "prompt and source are both required", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
has(luatool.handle({ source = "return 1" }, profiles), "Error: prompt is required")
has(luatool.handle({ prompt = "x" }, profiles), "Error: source is required")
has(luatool.handle({ prompt = "", source = "return 1" }, profiles), "Error: prompt is required")
end)
end },
{ "a runaway guest is stopped by the instruction budget", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
local source = [[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
local n = 0
while true do n = n + 1 end
end)
]]
local text = luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = source }, profiles)
has(text, "Error:")
has(text, "instruction budget exceeded")
end)
end },
{ "the guest cannot catch the budget error and spin again", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
-- Bounded so a regression fails this case instead of hanging it: with
-- pcall back in the environment the guest would burn three budgets and
-- then report success.
local source = [[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
for _ = 1, 3 do
pcall(function() while true do end end)
end
return { status = "completed", output = "outlived the budget" }
end)
]]
local text = luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = source }, profiles)
has(text, "Error:")
has(text, "pcall")
end)
end },
{ "inline agent profiles are scoped to one workflow invocation", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
handle.queue_for("local-reviewer", { id = "0198-local", output = "reviewed" })
local source = [[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
return ctx:agent({ agent = "local-reviewer", prompt = input }):await()
end)
]]
progress.reset()
local component
progress.claim({
id = "lua-call",
tool_name = "subagents.lua",
collapsed = true,
set_component = function(_, value)
component = value
return {
invalidate = function() end,
alive = function() return true end,
set_pinned = function() end,
}
end,
})
progress.bind({ tool_call_id = "lua-call" })
local text = luatool.handle({
prompt = "inspect this",
source = source,
agents = {
{
name = "local-reviewer",
description = "One-off reviewer",
system_prompt = "Review only the requested change.",
},
},
}, profiles)
has(text, "reviewed")
local compact = table.concat(component:render(100), "\n")
assert(not compact:find("inspect this", 1, true), compact)
assert(not compact:find("Review only the requested change.", 1, true), compact)
progress.collapse({ collapsed = false })
local expanded = table.concat(component:render(100), "\n")
has(expanded, "system prompt: Review only the requested change.")
has(expanded, "prompt: inspect this")
assert(#handle.spawns == 1, "the inline profile started one child")
assert(handle.spawns[1].label == "local-reviewer")
local seeded = handle.spawns[1].system_messages
assert(seeded[#seeded].text == "Review only the requested change.")
local missing = luatool.handle({ prompt = "again", source = source }, profiles)
has(missing, "unknown agent 'local-reviewer'")
assert(#handle.spawns == 1, "the inline profile did not leak into the next workflow")
progress.reset()
end)
end },
{ "invalid inline profiles fail before running guest source", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
local text = luatool.handle({
prompt = "x",
source = "error('guest source should not run')",
agents = { { name = "local", system_prompt = "" } },
}, profiles)
has(text, "agents[1].system_prompt must be a non-empty string")
assert(#handle.spawns == 0)
end)
end },
{ "a fan-out runs end to end and renders one block per child", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
handle.queue_for("alpha", { id = "0198-a", output = "alpha says hi" })
handle.queue_for("beta", { id = "0198-b", output = "beta says hi" })
local source = [[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
local jobs = {}
for _, name in ipairs({ "alpha", "beta" }) do
jobs[#jobs + 1] = ctx:agent({ agent = name, prompt = "handle " .. input })
end
return ctx:await(jobs, "all")
end)
]]
local text = luatool.handle({ prompt = "the task", source = source }, profiles)
assert(#handle.spawns == 2, "one spawn per ctx:agent")
assert(handle.spawns[1].prompt == "handle the task", tostring(handle.spawns[1].prompt))
assert(handle.spawns[1].label == "alpha")
has(text, "id: 0198-a")
has(text, "alpha says hi")
has(text, "id: 0198-b")
has(text, "beta says hi")
assert(select(2, text:gsub("status: completed", "")) == 2, "expected two rendered blocks")
end)
end },
{ "the job budget applies to a generated workflow", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
local source = string.format([[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
for index = 1, %d do
ctx:agent({ agent = "alpha", prompt = "spam " .. index })
end
end)
]], luatool.max_jobs + 1)
local text = luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = source }, profiles)
has(text, "job limit exceeded")
assert(#handle.runs == luatool.max_jobs, "the cap is enforced at the host boundary")
end)
end },
{ "the guest cannot raise its own job cap through ctx", function()
with_host(function(handle, profiles)
local source = string.format([[
return subagents.workflow(function(ctx, input)
ctx.max_jobs = nil
ctx.job_count = 0
for index = 1, %d do
ctx:agent({ agent = "alpha", prompt = "spam " .. index })
end
end)
]], luatool.max_jobs + 1)
local text = luatool.handle({ prompt = "x", source = source }, profiles)
has(text, "job limit exceeded")
assert(#handle.runs == luatool.max_jobs, "the cap is private state, not a ctx field")
end)
end },
}
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